Tecton brought a radical vision to Dudley Zoo. The zoo wanted a progressive design reflecting the modern ethos of the work done there.  Tecton’s use of concrete would create durable animal enclosures and buildings and attract public interest. The organisation’s leadership saw the zoo as a microcosm of society, and architecture could enhance both animal welfare and visitor experience. The mission was clear: create structures that protect animals while providing visitors with clear, safe views. Between 1936 and 1937, the Tecton Group erected twelve Lubetkin-designed concrete structures at Dudley Zoo. These buildings represent the largest surviving collection of Tecton works globally and are among the UK’s most important Modernist buildings.

 

When the new zoo buildings were constructed, there was only one viable location for the entrance building due to the limited street frontage available on the grounds. Positioned on a narrow strip of land at the base of the hill crowned by the castle, the building’s depth was constrained. To accommodate the anticipated large crowds, the design incorporated eight turnstiles, dictating a broad street frontage.

 

The sloping terrain made a single slab roof, used for larger zoo structures, impractical. Instead, dynamic, interlocking S-shaped roof canopies were devised. These canopies not only allowed the roof to cascade downwards, following the contours of the buildings beneath, but also established an iconic aesthetic for the zoo’s public face.

Practical needs, such as providing shelter for queuing visitors and preserving the building’s appearance, were meticulously considered. This led to the creation of deep overhangs in the roof canopies, featuring slots set just back from the front edge. These slots serve a dual purpose: they lighten the visual impact of the roof and prevent staining of the visible front edge from rainwater runoff. The central three kiosks were adorned with the now-iconic 200 lettering, a feature that remains to this day.

 

The Elephant House merged functionality with aesthetic appeal. Its clean lines and innovative use of concrete highlight Tecton’s vision. The structure’s spacious, open areas ensured the comfort and well-being of the elephants, while offering visitors an engaging and unobstructed view. This building exemplifies the Tecton philosophy of harmonizing architecture with nature.  The elephants’ house is no longer used for elephants.

With its graceful curves and open framework, the Aviary allowed birds to soar freely while providing visitors with unobstructed views. Tecton Group sought to create enclosures mimicking natural habitats. The aviary’s open, airy design supported the birds’ physical health and well-being, fostering a deeper connection between humans and animals. The aviary or Tropical Bird House is no longer used for keeping birds.

The Bear Ravine harmonises Tecton’s design with the natural landscape, creating a seamless transition between animal enclosures and visitor spaces. The structure’s design uses the site’s natural topography, incorporating rock formations and vegetation to create a habitat that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. This integration of natural and built environments is a hallmark of the Tecton Group’s approach.

 

The sea lions’ habitat exemplifies Tecton’s commitment to both form and function. The curved concrete walls are like ocean waves.  This design provides a visually striking environment for visitors and a dynamic, stimulating habitat for the sea lions. The enclosure’s layout allows ample swimming space, promoting the sea lions’ health and natural behaviors, while the use of concrete ensures durability and ease of maintenance.

Over time, some Tecton structures fell into disuse, becoming monuments rather than functional spaces. However, recent efforts have revitalized these architectural gems albeit as the zoo has developed not all are used for their original purposes. With support from the Heritage Lottery Fund, four structures have undergone repairs, using traditional concrete and localized carbon fibre reinforcement to strengthen cantilevered viewing platforms. This approach maintains the historical and architectural significance of the structures while ensuring their integrity and longevity.

The conservation work at Dudley Zoo is a testament to preserving the Tecton Group’s legacy. These efforts honour the innovative spirit of Modernism by restoring and maintaining these buildings for future generations to appreciate.

Dudley is determined to preserve its Tecton heritage, but as with Regent’s Park Zoo, advances in understanding the needs of animals make a number of the buildings inappropriate for their original purposes.  The financial pressures on zoos are tremendous and conservation of buildings as well as animals are intense.

Tecton’s work at Dudley Zoo is a remarkable blend of architectural innovation and functional design. The structures they created were not just enclosures for animals but carefully thought-out spaces intended to enhance the experience for both animals and visitors. The commitment to Modernist principles is evident in every aspect of the design, from the use of concrete to the incorporation of natural elements.